(a) Jim has already eaten lunch.
(b) Ann hasn’t eaten lunch yet.
(c) Have you ever eaten at that rastaurant?
(d) I’ve never eaten here.
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The present perfect expresses activities or situations that occurred (or did not occur) “before now,” at some unspecified time in the past.*
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(e) Pete has eaten at that restaurant many times.
(f) I’ve been to that theater five or six times.
(g) I’ve had three tests so far this week.
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The present perfect expresses activities that were repeated several or many times in the past.
The exact times are unspecified.
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(h) Erica has lived in this city since 1989.
(i) I have known Ben for ten years.
(j) We’ve been in class since ten o’clock this morning.
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When the present perfect is used with since or for, it expresses situations that began in the past and continue to the present.
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*If the exact time is specified, the simple past tense is used.
SPECIFIED TIME: Jim ate lunch at 12:00/two hours ago/yesterday.
UNSPECIFIED TIME: Jim has already eaten lunch. (at some unspecified time before now)
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